Ferro Silicon Price Trend and Forecast

UNSPC code: 30101800
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Weekly Update
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Historical Data Since 2015
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Forecast for 2026
  • Commodity Pricing

ferro silicon Price Trends by Country

inIndia
nlNetherlands
cnChina

Global ferro silicon Spot Market Prices, Trend Analysis and Forecast

Price Watch™ provides price assessments for Ferro Silicon across top trading regions:

Asia-Pacific

  • Ferro Silicon 75%min FOB Shanghai, China
  • Ferro Silicon 70%min EX-Mumbai, India


Europe

  • Ferro Silicon75%min Ex-warehouse Rotterdam, Netherlands

 

Note: In assessments structured as CIF [Importing Port] (Exporting Country), the country mentioned in brackets indicates the primary origin of supply (exporting country), while the named port refers to the destination port in the importing country. Other Incoterms (FOB, FD, EXW, etc.) should be interpreted in accordance with standard international trade definitions.

Ferro Silicon Price Trend Q4 2025

Ferro Silicon’s global market behavior has been mixed across key regions, but there has been overall moderate growth in the Chinese market due to stable steel production and consistent demand from domestic foundries as they maintain minimal stock to complete year-end contracts. The Netherlands is experiencing slower demand than expected due to lower European steel production and increased competition from imports, resulting in reduced local ferro silicon prices and decreased purchasing activity. India is showing an increase in infrastructure development and associated steel composition activities, resulting in increasing ferro silicon demand; as such, India’s overall ferro silicon demand is expected to rebound significantly.

Global suppliers are maintaining a relatively balanced supply chain and there have not been any significant disruptions to the global supply chain; however, there were minor logistical issues in Europe that impacted the Global Trade flow of Ferro Silicon. Price volatility on a global scale continues to be driven primarily by regional disparity in demand between Europe and Asia. China ferro silicon inventories remain stable which contributes to global market stability; however, there have been large variations in inventory levels in other regions.

China: Ferro Silicon Export prices FOB Shanghai, China; Grade- Purity: (Fe25%min, Si75%min)

In the fourth quarter of 2025, prices for Ferro Silicon in China increased by 2.37% and followed a mixed price trend based on industrial growth in various regions. Steel production began to level out after third quarter fluctuations; thus, there has been steady ferro silicon demand from both domestic foundries and alloy manufacturers in China.

In December 2025, Ferro Silicon prices in China experienced an increase of 3.71%. This increase has been due to year-end restocking as companies have been preparing for the next quarter and an increase in industrial production in key steel-producing provinces. Suppliers have been careful to manage their inventory levels so as not to create an oversupply situation, while managing the steady inflow of imported materials.

Demand from exporters remained consistent, providing a basis for supporting pricing and maintaining moderate overall marketplace activity. Even though there was overall stability, raw material cost fluctuations continued to impact producer margins, creating demand for selective purchasing strategies. The market experienced minor logistical challenges as a result of seasonal transportation limitations; however, China finished Q4 with cautious optimism, as domestic consumption balanced with consistent production and controlled supply levels.

Netherlands: Ferro Silicon Domestically Traded prices FD Rotterdam, Netherlands; Grade- Purity: (Fe25%min, Si75%min)

In Q4 2025, the Netherlands Ferro Silicon market showed a decline of 2.33%, reflecting subdued activity across the European steel and foundry sectors. Reduced industrial orders and slower steel production limited domestic consumption, creating pressure on suppliers to adjust prices. In December, the market dropped by 13.71%, influenced by weak demand from regional steel mills and the influx of competitive imports from Asia, which intensified price competition.

Inventory adjustments by local suppliers contributed to tighter trading activity, as buyers opted for short-term contracts rather than bulk procurement. Transportation and logistics constraints, including seasonal delays, affected timely deliveries, further dampening market sentiment.

European buyers remained cautious, negotiating prices to align with budgetary limits, while end-users reduced stock levels to mitigate risk. Overall, the Netherlands ended Q4 with reduced market momentum, highlighting challenges in sustaining demand amid global supply competition.

India: Ferro Silicon Domestically Traded prices EX- Mumbai, India; Grade- Purity: (Fe30%min, Si70%min)

In Q4 2025, the Indian Ferro Silicon price trend rebounded with a growth of 3.18%, reflecting renewed demand from steelmakers and infrastructure projects. Domestic production met growing industrial needs, while imports supplemented local supply to ensure smooth operations across foundries and alloy manufacturers.

In December 2025, Ferro silicon prices in India rose by 8.33%, driven by year-end restocking and increased steel production, as regional buyers prepared for upcoming construction and industrial activity in 2026.

Price stability encouraged timely procurement, while suppliers managed inventories efficiently to avoid shortages. Logistic channels improved compared to previous quarters, facilitating faster deliveries and wider market reach.

Demand was particularly strong from specialty steel producers and smaller foundries seeking consistent quality. Overall, India closed Q4 with positive momentum, reflecting confidence in domestic consumption and a strengthening market outlook for the upcoming year.

Ferro Silicon Price Trend Analysis: Q3 2025

Q3 of 2025 saw a downward trend for Ferro Silicon across nearly all major regions of the world. Demand for Ferro Silicon from China declined over the quarter as both steel production and industrial activity slowed. The decline in demand from the Netherlands has been influenced by declining steel production in Europe, along with competitive pressures from imports which placed downward pressure on domestic pricing of Ferro Silicon. The decline in demand from India has been more pronounced than those in Europe or China, given the continued delays in various infrastructure projects and low levels of domestic steel consumption. Although the supply chains have been steady, lower levels of activity in the Ferro Silicon markets have been due to a combination of buying patterns becoming more cautious, along with continued inventory adjustments. Regional price corrections, especially in Asia, have been evident as suppliers attempt to balance their stock levels with the lower levels of demand for Ferro Silicon. Overall, although there has been a decline in demand for Ferro Silicon in all three regions, the fundamentals of the Ferro Silicon market remain steady and the current decline should generally be viewed as more cyclical than structural in nature.

China: Ferro Silicon Export prices FOB Shanghai, China; Grade- Purity: (Fe25%min, Si75%min)

The price trend of Ferro Silicon in Q3 2025 has been down 1.86% as there has been softening of demand from both domestic foundries and steel producers, with less steel produced and industrial buyers being careful with their purchases. Overall consumption has been limited by this drop-off in steel production, in addition to the restrained buying of industrial users. In September 2025, Ferro Silicon prices in China increased by 1.89% as a result of selective restocking activity that took place at some major foundries and some improvements in activity levels for certain specialty steel segments. The inventory management efforts of some suppliers have stabilized the availability of Ferro Silicon, but downward price pressure continues to be felt as overall demand remains slow. Export orders continued to move at a steady pace, but has not created significant additional activity in the market. Trading patterns have also been affected by fluctuations in material costs and shipping logistics.

Netherlands: Ferro Silicon Domestically Traded prices FD Rotterdam, Netherlands; Grade- Purity: (Fe25%min, Si75%min)

In Q3 2025, the Netherlands’ Ferro Silicon price trend experienced a marginal decline of 1.81%, as European steel production and industrial orders softened. Domestic demand was impacted by competitive imports from Asia, which put downward pressure on local prices. In September, ferro silicon prices in the Netherlands increased by 4.77%, reflecting short-term restocking by steel mills and foundries to meet mid-quarter requirements. Inventory adjustments by suppliers and cautious procurement strategies limited excessive stock accumulation. Transportation costs and logistical challenges continued to affect timely deliveries. Price volatility led buyers to negotiate aggressively, reducing large-scale purchasing. Overall, the Netherlands ended Q3 with a slightly declining market, reflecting regional softness despite occasional demand spikes.

India: Ferro Silicon Domestically Traded prices EX- Mumbai, India; Grade- Purity: (Fe30%min, Si70%min)

In Q3 2025, the Indian Ferro Silicon price trend faced a significant decline of 7.29%, as domestic steel production and infrastructure-related demand slowed. Delays in construction projects and lower foundry requirements led to reduced procurement. In September 2025, ferro silicon prices in India recorded a 1.09% decrease, highlighting cautious buying behavior amid oversupply concerns and fluctuating prices. Suppliers focused on managing inventory and avoiding excessive stock, while imports supplemented domestic availability without driving substantial growth. Price pressure persisted due to lower consumption and competition from Asian suppliers. Overall, India ended Q3 with a marked contraction, signaling a challenging period for both producers and buyers in the domestic market.

According to 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™, In Q2 2025, the global Ferro Silicon market again exhibited a mixed trend. China continued to face challenges from slower steel demand, although selective restocking by major producers supported moderate market activity. The Netherlands showed stronger growth, driven by increased infrastructure projects and robust European steel production, which bolstered demand for ferro silicon. Global supply chains remained functional, but shipping constraints and logistical costs affected cross-border trade flows. Price volatility persisted due to regional imbalances between supply and consumption. Market participants focused on optimizing inventory and managing procurement timing to navigate fluctuations. Overall, Q2 reflected contrasting regional dynamics, with stronger European performance offsetting slower growth in China, maintaining a globally mixed market outlook.

According to 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™, In Q2 2025, the Indian Ferro Silicon market continued its downward trend with 5.88%. Slower infrastructure projects and weaker steel output further reduced domestic demand. Price volatility led buyers to adopt cautious purchasing strategies. Producers adjusted supply to prevent inventory overhang. Imports remained steady but did not fully compensate for falling domestic consumption. Regional supply chain inefficiencies contributed to delays in delivery. Overall, Q2 reflected a softening market, with declining activity across the sector.

In Q1 2025, the global Ferro Silicon market experienced a mixed trend across major regions. China saw a decline due to subdued steel production and cautious procurement from domestic foundries, which tempered demand for ferro silicon. In contrast, the Netherlands recorded growth supported by steady European steel output and increasing imports, which helped offset some regional supply constraints. Supply chains remained relatively stable, although fluctuations in raw material prices influenced purchasing behavior. Regional price movements were uneven, reflecting differences in industrial activity and inventory adjustments between Asia and Europe. Market participants adopted a cautious approach amid global economic uncertainties, resulting in moderate trading volumes. Overall, Q1 reflected divergent regional performance, with growth in Europe balancing slower activity in China.

In Q1 2025, the Indian Ferro Silicon market saw a moderate decline of 2.55%. Demand slowed slightly as steel production moderated after the year-end surge. Buyers maintained cautious procurement to manage inventory costs. Domestic suppliers faced higher raw material expenses, affecting supply flexibility. Imports continued to supplement production but were impacted by global price fluctuations. Market participants delayed large orders, waiting for more stable conditions. Overall, Q1 reflected a moderate slowdown after the strong Q4 2024 rebound.

Ferro Silicon Price Trend Analysis: Q4 2024

In Q4 2024, the global Ferro Silicon market experienced a downward trend. China’s market contracted as steel production slowed and domestic demand weakened toward the year-end. The Netherlands faced a similar decline due to reduced European industrial activity and cautious import volumes. Price corrections occurred as suppliers adjusted inventory to avoid overstocking. Logistical bottlenecks and rising raw material costs contributed to tighter margins. Market participants delayed purchases in anticipation of more stable prices in the next quarter. Overall, Q4 reflected broad market weakness, with both regions under pressure despite prior quarterly fluctuations.

In Q4 2024, the Indian Ferro Silicon market rebounded strongly with a growth of 15.87%. Year-end steel production and accelerated infrastructure projects fueled robust demand. Domestic foundries and specialty steel producers actively restocked inventories. Imports supplemented local production to meet the surge in consumption. Price stability encouraged timely purchases by buyers across regions. Logistics improved compared to Q3, allowing smoother distribution. Overall, Q4 marked a strong recovery, ending the year with positive momentum and renewed market confidence.

In Q3 2024, the Ferro Silicon market again showed a mixed trend. China saw modest growth driven by selective restocking and improved demand from specialty steel producers. Meanwhile, the Netherlands experienced a decline due to weaker European steel production and higher competition from imported ferroalloys. Logistical challenges and rising transportation costs have affected timely deliveries. Price fluctuations led buyers to adopt cautious procurement strategies. Inventory adjustments in both regions further influenced market activity. Overall, the quarter reflected uneven regional dynamics, with gains in China offset by softness in Europe.

In Q3 2024, the Indian Ferro Silicon market faced a significant decline of 10.56%. Reduced steel production and delayed infrastructure projects sharply decreased ferro silicon consumption. Domestic producers limited output to prevent oversupply, which constrained availability in some regions. Imports from China and other Asian suppliers were also lower due to regional supply chain issues. Price pressure intensified as buyers negotiated for better rates amid weak demand. Logistics challenges and rising transportation costs further impacted trade flows. Overall, Q3 reflected a challenging quarter with declining market activity and cautious procurement strategies.

In Q2 2024, the global Ferro Silicon market moved upward. In China, demand rose moderately as steel production picked up, supported by infrastructure and construction projects. Domestic foundries increased orders to replenish inventories after Q1 constraints. The Netherlands also experienced growth due to steady European steel output and expanding industrial activity. Cross-border trade improved with smoother shipping and lower logistical delays. Price stabilization encouraged higher procurement volumes. Both regions benefited from balanced supply and consistent demand. Overall, Q2 demonstrated positive momentum across major markets, strengthening global consumption.

In Q2 2024, the Indian Ferro Silicon market saw a decline of 3.50%. Slower construction activity and reduced domestic steel output contributed to weaker demand. Buyers became cautious due to fluctuating raw material costs and uneven supply. Inventory adjustments by major producers led to temporary market tightness. Import levels stabilized but did not fully offset lower domestic procurement. Price corrections were observed in response to lower demand and regional supply imbalances. Overall, Q2 reflected a period of market consolidation, with slowed growth and cautious trading behavior.

In Q1 2024, the global Ferro Silicon market experienced a mixed trend. In China, demand slowed due to reduced steel production and cautious procurement by domestic foundries. Steelmakers limited orders to manage costs, which pressured regional prices. In contrast, the Netherlands saw strong growth supported by higher European steel output and increased imports. Favorable trade agreements and stable logistics helped maintain supply. However, fluctuating raw material costs led to uneven purchasing patterns. Overall, the quarter reflected contrasting regional performance, balancing weaker activity in China with stronger demand in Europe.

In Q1 2024, the Indian Ferro Silicon market experienced an upward trend with a growth of 3.29%. Demand was supported by increased steel production and ongoing infrastructure projects across the country. Domestic foundries replenished inventories after year-end low stocks, boosting procurement. Rising industrial activity and positive economic sentiment encouraged steady orders. Suppliers maintained supply to meet growing demand, stabilizing prices. Imports from neighboring regions complemented domestic production to fulfill market requirements. Overall, Q1 reflected healthy consumption in India with improving market confidence.

Technical Specifications of Ferro Silicon Price Trends

Product Description

Ferro silicon is an alloy composed primarily of iron and silicon, typically containing 15–90% silicon. It is produced by reducing high-purity quartz with coke in the presence of iron in electric furnaces. This alloy is widely used in steelmaking as a deoxidizer, helping to remove oxygen from molten steel, which improves its strength, toughness, and overall quality. Ferro silicon also acts as an alloying agent, enhancing the hardness, corrosion resistance, and magnetic properties of steel. In addition to steel production, it is used in the manufacture of cast iron, silicon steel, and other ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Its high silicon content makes it essential for producing specialty steels, foundry products, and electric furnace applications. The material is available in different grades and sizes to suit various industrial needs, including powder, lump, and granular forms. Its stability at high temperatures and ability to control chemical composition in molten metals make it a critical component in modern metallurgy.

Identifiers and Classification:

HS Code – 72022100
CAS Number: 8049-17-0

Ferro Silicon Synonyms:

Silicon Ferroalloy

Ferro Silicon Global Trade and Shipment Terms

  • Quotation Terms (Product & Country Specific): 250-350MT
  • Packaging Type (Product & Country Specific): 1MT Bag


Incoterms Referenced in Ferro Silicon Price Reporting

Shipping Term  Location  Definition 
FOB Shanghai  Shanghai, China  Ferro Silicon Export price from China 
Ex-warehouse Rotterdam  Rotterdam, Netherlands  Domestically Traded Ferro Silicon price in Netherlands 
EX- Mumbai  Mumbai, India  Domestically Traded Ferro Silicon price in India 

*Quotation Terms refers to the quantity range specified for the Ferro Silicon being quoted or offered in a commercial transaction.

**Packaging Type refers to standard packaging size commonly used for Ferro Silicon packing, ease of handling, transportation, and storage in industrial and commercial applications.

Key Ferro Silicon Manufacturers

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL / Vizag Steel) 
Tata Steel (Ferroalloy segment) 
Henan Star Metallurgy Materials Co., Ltd. 
Pupan Ferro Alloys 
Zhongyi Metalware (Tianjin) 

Ferro Silicon Industrial Applications

Historically, several events have caused significant fluctuations in Ferro Silicon prices

  • Freight Rates, Spot Outages, and Weak Recovery (2023–2024): Logistical issues, production outages in Brazil, and high freight costs created short-term price volatility despite soft global demand. Regional price differences were mainly shaped by supply chain disruptions rather than market fundamentals.
  • Demand Collapse & Oversupply (Mid-2022–2023): Weak domestic real estate, oversupply, and low steel demand caused ferro silicon prices to fall sharply toward production costs. Excess inventory in Europe further limited trading activity and suppressed prices globally.
  • Russia–Ukraine War (Early 2022): The conflict disrupted European ferroalloy supply chains, creating a shortage of key inputs like ferro silicon. Rising energy costs and limited alternative sources pushed regional prices higher, particularly in Europe.
  • China’s Power Crisis & Carbon Neutrality Policy (Q3–Q4 2021): Power rationing and carbon policies in China caused ferrosilicon output to fall dramatically, spiking prices by 87% in a single quarter. Rising carbon costs, energy shortages, and high freight rates further amplified the price surge.
  • COVID-19 Pandemic (2020): Industrial shutdowns and halted steel production caused a severe drop in ferro silicon demand. China’s faster recovery and post-COVID stimulus helped prices begin gradually recovering by late 2020.
  • Chinese Economic Slowdown & Real Estate Contraction (2015–2016): A cooling in China’s construction and real estate sectors, combined with global trade slowdown, pushed ferro silicon prices to multi-year lows. Oversupply and low steel mill operating rates caused many producers to operate at losses.

 

These events underscore the Ferro Silicon market’s sensitivity to supply disruptions, industrial demand shifts, and geopolitical or policy interventions, highlighting the importance of monitoring both global supply and domestic consumption patterns.

Why Price Watch™?

Price Watch™ is your trusted resource for tracking global ferro silicon price trends. Our platform delivers real-time data and expert analysis, offering deep insights into the key factors driving price fluctuations in the ferro silicon market. By monitoring critical events such as geopolitical tensions, supply chain disruptions, and economic shifts, Price Watch™ keeps you fully informed of market dynamics.

In addition, Price Watch™ provides detailed forecasts and updates on production capacities, enabling you to anticipate market changes and make well-informed decisions. With Price Watch™, you gain a competitive edge in understanding all the elements that influence ferro silicon prices worldwide. Stay ahead of the curve with Price Watch’s™ reliable, accurate, and timely ferro silicon market data.

Track Price Watch's™ ferro silicon price assessment on a weekly basis since 2015 onwards, along with short-term forecasts, and get access to the detailed report in a downloadable format.

Ferro Silicon Market Price Trend published by 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ reflect prevailing spot market conditions, derived from independent research, verified trade inputs, and proprietary market intelligence as of the publication date. Prices are published on the specified Incoterm and represent indicative base market levels, exclusive of applicable taxes, VAT, duties, tariffs, and other statutory charges. Actual transaction values may vary depending on volume, credit terms, contractual structure, and other negotiated conditions. Market prices are inherently subject to volatility, liquidity dynamics, regulatory changes, and evolving trade activity. The information provided is for reference and benchmarking purposes only and does not constitute an offer, recommendation, or guarantee of transactional outcomes. Users should exercise independent commercial judgment and assess their specific contractual, regulatory, tax, and application requirements before making business decisions. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ assumes no liability for decisions taken based on this information.

Ferro Silicon is an alloy of iron and silicon, mainly used in steelmaking as a deoxidizer and to improve strength and quality. Its price matters because it directly affects steel production costs and overall industrial supply chains. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ tracks these prices to help businesses and consumers understand and stay updated with the market trends.

Prices vary by region, silicon content (usually 65–75%), and market conditions, generally quoted per metric ton. Current prices fluctuate with steel demand, energy costs, and raw material availability. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ provides real-time price assessments across different global markets to help buyers and sellers make informed decisions.

Prices rise or fall based on steel production, silicon ore supply, energy costs, and trade policies. Geopolitical tensions, currency rates, and global demand shifts also impact market trends.

The main consumers are steel manufacturers, foundries, automotive, and machinery industries. It is essential for producing high-strength steel and cast-iron products. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ analyses demand patterns across all these industries.

It is produced by smelting quartz (silica) with iron in electric arc furnaces. Major producing countries include China, India, Russia, and Norway.

China is the largest exporter, followed by Norway, Russia, and India. Export volumes fluctuate with global steel demand and trade policies. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ tracks production levels, export flows and trade patterns to help businesses understand global supply chains and identify sourcing opportunities.

Global supply generally meets demand, but temporary shortages can occur due to furnace shutdowns, energy price spikes, or ore shortages. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ monitors these supply-demand imbalances to alert the market about potential shortages or surpluses.

Grades vary by silicon content (typically 65–75%) and impurities like carbon, sulfur, or phosphorus. Higher silicon content and lower impurities command higher prices due to better steelmaking performance. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ provides separate price assessments for each grade to ensure market transparency.

Sudden demand spikes tighten supply, causing prices to rise. Suppliers may extend lead times and prioritize long-term contracts. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ captures these market dynamics in real-time.

Production is energy-intensive, particularly in electric arc furnaces. Rising electricity or reductant costs increase production expenses, which is reflected in Ferro Silicon prices. This is why prices in regions with cheaper electricity tend to be lower, a correlation that 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ analyses in its price assessments & market reports.

Regional prices vary due to local silicon ore availability, energy costs, transport charges, import/export policies, and currency fluctuations. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ tracks prices across all major regions to highlight these differences.

Prices are expected to follow steel demand, silicon ore supply, energy costs, and global trade conditions. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ regularly publishes detailed forecasts that project price movements for the next 12 months based on comprehensive analysis of supply additions, demand growth in key industries, seasonal patterns, and macroeconomic indicators. Our forecasts help businesses anticipate market conditions and plan accordingly.

Yes. Forecasts help optimize procurement timing, manage inventory risk, and negotiate long-term contracts. If prices are expected to rise, businesses can secure supply early to reduce exposure to volatility. If 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ forecasts predict a price increase in three months, you might choose to stock up now or lock in long-term contracts at current rates, potentially saving thousands of dollars.

Events such as export restrictions, smelter shutdowns, trade sanctions, energy crises, or natural disasters can disrupt supply and increase price volatility. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ provides timely alerts when such events affect the market.

𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡™ collects data from manufacturers, distributors, and buyers worldwide to publish regular price assessments, market reports, and forecasts. Our transparent methodology and comprehensive coverage make us a trusted source for understanding fair pricing and market trends in the Ferro Silicon industry.