Muriate Of Potash (MOP) Price Trend and Forecast

Muriate of Potash (MOP) Price Trend Q1 2025

According to Price-Watch™, in Q1 2025 the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market on an FOB Ustluga basis, witnessed an increase of approximately 13% compared to the previous quarter, supported by improving demand and rising cost pressures.

Feedstock costs, including potash ore extraction and processing along with higher energy inputs, increased notably, contributing to elevated production expenses.

Demand strengthened across key agricultural markets as buyers initiated procurement ahead of major planting seasons, leading to improved consumption levels.

Supply conditions tightened slightly as producers adjusted operating rates in response to higher costs and logistical constraints.

Global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions in the Middle East, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses further supported upward price movement.

Export activity improved, with increased inquiries from importing regions. Overall, the market reflected strengthening demand fundamentals with tightening supply conditions.

India:

According to Price-Watch™, in Q1 2025 the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market on CIF Kandla, India from Russia basis, witnessed an increase of approximately 12% compared to the previous quarter, driven by rising import costs and improving agricultural demand.

Feedstock costs, primarily associated with imported potash and higher freight charges, increased significantly, contributing to upward pricing pressure. Demand improved ahead of key sowing seasons, leading to stronger consumption across major agricultural regions.

Buyers actively replenished inventories in anticipation of seasonal requirements. On the supply side, availability tightened slightly due to global supply uncertainty and logistical challenges, although imports remained consistent.

Rising energy and transportation costs further impacted pricing. Market participants adopted proactive procurement strategies amid firm global trends. Overall, the market reflected improving demand conditions with tightening supply dynamics.

Muriate of Potash (MOP) Price Trend Q2 2025

In Q2 2025 the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market on an FOB Ustluga basis, witnessed an increase of approximately 13% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong demand and continued cost escalation. Feedstock costs, including potash mining operations and energy inputs such as natural gas and electricity, increased further, raising overall production costs.

Demand remained robust across major agricultural economies due to active fertilizer application during peak planting periods, resulting in strong consumption levels. Supply conditions remained relatively tight as producers maintained controlled output amid higher operational costs and logistical constraints.

Global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions in the Middle East, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses continued to support bullish market sentiment. Export demand remained firm with consistent trade flows. Overall, the market reflected strong demand fundamentals with constrained supply conditions.

India:

According to Price-Watch™, in Q2 2025 the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market on CIF Kandla, India from Russia basis, witnessed an increase of approximately 9% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong seasonal demand and rising import costs.

Feedstock costs, largely dependent on international potash prices along with higher freight and logistics expenses, increased notably, driving domestic price trends.

Demand from the agricultural sector remained robust during the quarter due to active sowing activities, leading to higher consumption levels. Buyers engaged in bulk procurement to secure supply amid firm global prices.

On the supply side, availability is moderately tight due to global supply constraints and logistical disruptions, although import volumes remained stable. Rising energy and transportation costs further supported pricing. Overall, the market reflected strong demand conditions with relatively tighter supply availability.

Muriate of Potash (MOP) Price Trend Q3 2025

In Q3 2025, the Muriate of Potash market (MOP) witnessed an increase of approximately 1% compared to the previous period, supported by stable demand and mild cost pressures.

The price trend is primarily influenced by slightly higher raw material and extraction costs, particularly related to potash ore mining and processing, along with moderate increases in energy inputs such as natural gas and electricity.

Rising fuel and transportation costs also contributed to higher logistics expenses, adding marginal upward pressure on prices. Global supply uncertainty and minor geopolitical disruptions impacted trade flows, although overall availability remained adequate.

On the demand side, consumption remained steady across major agricultural regions, supported by consistent fertilizer application and seasonal procurement activities. Demand from key crops ensured stable offtake levels, while buyers maintained balanced purchasing strategies.

On the supply side, production rates are largely stable, with manufacturers aligning output to steady domestic and export demand. Overall, the market reflected balanced demand-supply conditions with slight pricing support during the quarter.

In the third quarter of 2025, there is an approximate 1% growth in the Muriate of Potash market (MOP). The movement of prices in the third quarter of 2025 is positively affected by a slight rise in costs.

There are rising costs of production due to increased costs for raw materials, especially those related to the mining and processing of potash ore, as well as the increased costs of energy inputs, mainly the use of natural gas and electricity.

Also, the rising costs of transportation, especially fuel, put slight pressure on prices. Supply conditions faced uncertainty worldwide, although the supply situation is satisfactory overall, and there are some geopolitical disruptions to trade.

In terms of demand, consumption continued to be steady across agricultural countries, driven by stable fertilizer usage and seasonal procurement needs. Stable demand is achieved from crop demand ensuring offtake remained steady, while consumers adopted balanced buying tactics. The supply side saw mostly stable production rates matching demand.

Canada: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Vancouver, Canada; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Canada, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 5% compared to the previous quarter, supported by steady export demand and moderate cost pressures.

Feedstock costs related to potash mining and processing increased slightly due to rising energy inputs. Demand remained stable across international markets, supporting consistent consumption levels.

Supply conditions are balanced despite global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production levels are maintained at stable rates to meet export commitments.

Consumption remained steady with consistent procurement trends. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices decreased slightly by approximately 1% as compared to August due to stable supply and limited demand fluctuations. Overall, the market reflected balanced supply-demand conditions with minor pricing adjustments.

For Canada, in Q3 2025, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market experienced an increase of about 5% from the previous quarter based on steady export demand and slight pressure from production costs.

Feedstock costs for the process of extraction and production of potash have gone up due to increases in energy costs. The demand for the product is constant and the supply is constant despite some factors like global supply uncertainty, geopolitics, high energy costs, increased logistics costs, etc.

The production level remained constant while consumption remained constant with no change in the procurement pattern. For September 2025, the price of Muriate of Potash (MOP) has declined by about 1%.

Russia: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Ustluga, Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Russia, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 15% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong export demand and rising cost pressures.

Feedstock dynamics are influenced by potash ore mining and processing, along with higher energy inputs such as natural gas and electricity, which increased production costs. Demand remained firm across both domestic and export markets, driven by strong agricultural consumption, supporting higher offtake levels.

Supply conditions tightened slightly amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production levels are maintained at moderate rates, with exporters focusing on fulfilling international demand.

Consumption trends remained strong with active procurement activity. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices remained stable as compared to August due to balanced demand and supply conditions. Overall, the market reflected strong demand momentum with moderate supply-side constraints.

Russia’s Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 saw an upward trend of about 15%, driven by robust export demand and increased pressure on prices. The dynamics of feedstock are affected by the mining and refining of potash ore, alongside higher energy use like natural gas and electricity, thus increasing the cost of production.

There is sustained demand in both domestic and export segments owing to high agricultural demand, leading to higher off-takes. The supply dynamics saw slight tightening due to global supply concerns, geopolitical tensions, higher energy and fuel prices, and higher logistic expenses.

The production level remained consistent at moderate levels as the exporters concentrated on meeting international demands. The consumption pattern maintained a healthy state with active buying activity. The price of Muriate of Potash (MOP) in September 2025 stayed unchanged compared to August due to stable demand and supply dynamics.

Israel: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Eilat, Israel; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Israel, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 5% compared to the previous quarter, supported by stable export demand and rising cost pressures.

Feedstock dynamics, including potash extraction and processing, experienced increased costs due to higher energy prices. Demand remained consistent across global markets, supporting steady consumption levels.

Supply conditions are balanced to slightly tight amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production levels are maintained at stable rates to meet export demand.

Consumption remained steady with balanced procurement activity. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices increased by approximately 1% as compared to August due to higher logistics costs and firm demand. Overall, the market reflected stable demand with slight supply-side constraints.

In the case of Israel, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) in the third quarter of 2025 saw an increase of about 5% as compared to the prior period on the back of stable export demands and cost increases.

There are increases in the cost structures relating to feedstock, including extraction and processing of potash. The level of demand is consistent globally resulting in steady levels of consumption.

Supplies are tight for this period against the backdrop of global uncertainty in supplies, geopolitical issues, higher energy and fuel costs, as well as increasing logistics costs.

Production levels remained stable to support the export demand while consumption remained steady as well due to consistent procurement. In September 2025, there is an increase of 1% in Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices as compared to August 2025.

Jordan: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Aqaba, Jordan; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Jordan, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 5% compared to the previous quarter, supported by steady export demand and rising operational costs.

Feedstock costs, particularly related to potash extraction from brine and processing, increased due to higher energy inputs. Demand remained firm across international markets, supporting improved consumption levels.

Supply conditions are moderately tight amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production rates are aligned with export requirements, although minor logistical challenges impacted shipments.

Consumption remained stable with consistent procurement activity. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices increased by approximately 1% as compared to August due to improved export demand and rising freight costs. Overall, the market reflected steady demand with moderate supply-side pressures.

Jordan experienced an estimated 5% growth in its Muriate of Potash (MOP) market during the third quarter of 2025, underpinned by sustained export demand and increasing production costs.

The cost of feedstock, which involved the mining and manufacturing of potash, became more expensive due to energy consumption. Demand is robust on international markets, resulting in higher consumption levels.

There is a relatively tight supply, considering the unstable supply globally, geopolitical tensions, higher energy and fuel costs, and increased logistics fees. Production levels are in line with export demands, albeit facing some logistical issues in exporting MOP.

Consumption levels are stable, driven by purchasing activities. On September 2025, the price of Muriate of Potash (MOP) went up by around 1%, following improved export demand and increasing freight costs.

Malaysia: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Kelang, Malaysia from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Malaysia, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 16% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong demand and rising import costs.

Feedstock costs, particularly related to imported potash and logistics, increased due to higher energy and transportation expenses. Demand remained robust across plantation and agricultural sectors, supporting higher consumption levels.

Supply conditions are moderately tight amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production dependency on imports influenced market dynamics.

Consumption remained strong with active procurement activity. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices increased by approximately 1% as compared to August due to rising logistics costs and firm demand. Overall, the market reflected strong consumption with moderate supply-side constraints.

India: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Kandla, India from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In India, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed a significant increase of approximately 18% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong agricultural demand and rising import costs.

Feedstock dynamics are influenced by imported potash along with increased freight and logistics expenses, contributing to higher procurement costs. Demand remained robust due to seasonal fertilizer requirements, supporting strong consumption levels.

Supply conditions tightened amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production dependency on imports made the market highly sensitive to global price fluctuations.

Consumption improved significantly across agricultural sectors with active procurement activity. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices increased by approximately 2% as compared to August due to higher import costs and strong demand. Overall, the market reflected strong demand with constrained supply availability.

Brazil: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Santos, Brazil from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Brazil, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 5% compared to the previous quarter, supported by steady agricultural demand and rising import costs.

Feedstock dynamics are influenced by imported potash along with increased energy and logistics expenses, contributing to higher procurement costs. Demand remained stable to strong, driven by consistent fertilizer usage in key crops such as soybeans and corn, supporting steady consumption levels.

Supply conditions are moderately balanced amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production dependency on imports made the market sensitive to global supply fluctuations. Consumption remained steady with balanced procurement activity.

In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices decreased slightly by approximately 1% as compared to August due to stable supply and minor demand adjustments. Overall, the market reflected stable demand with balanced supply conditions.

China: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Shanghai, China from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In China, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 16% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong demand and rising production costs.

Feedstock costs, particularly related to potash mining and processing, increased due to higher energy inputs. Demand remained robust across agricultural sectors, supporting higher consumption levels.

Supply conditions tightened slightly amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production levels are moderately adjusted to meet domestic and export demand.

Consumption improved with active procurement activity. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices increased by approximately 1% as compared to August due to strong demand and rising logistics costs. Overall, the market reflected firm demand with moderate supply-side tightening.

Indonesia: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Jakarta, Indonesia from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Indonesia, the Muriate of Potash (MOP) market in Q3 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 15% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong demand and rising import costs.

Feedstock dynamics are influenced by imported potash and increased logistics expenses, contributing to higher overall costs. Demand remained firm across agricultural sectors, supporting improved consumption levels.

Supply conditions are moderately tight amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production dependency on imports made the market sensitive to global supply fluctuations.

Consumption remained strong with active procurement activity. In September 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices increased by approximately 1% as compared to August due to higher freight costs and steady demand. Overall, the market reflected strong demand with moderate supply constraints.

Muriate of Potash (MOP) Price Trend Q4 2025

During Q4 2025, there is an upsurge in the Muriate of Potash market (MOP) by roughly 1%, driven by subdued cost pressures and demand stability.

The price trend has been mainly determined by escalating costs of raw materials and extraction costs, especially with regards to the production of potash ore, processing, and costs associated with natural gas and electricity.

Moreover, high fuel and transport costs elevated logistics costs and consequently, drove prices upwards. Unstable supply trends and geopolitical risks in major exporting countries affected international trade, creating a conservative supply outlook.

In terms of demand, consumption is relatively constant in important agricultural economies, driven by steady fertilizers usage and purchase practices. There has been constant demand for important crops, and the buyers observed a conservative purchasing approach.

In terms of supply, the production trend is steady. Producers maintained their production pace in accordance with domestic and international demand.

Canada: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Vancouver, Canada; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Canada in Q4 2025 saw stable market fundamentals where there is about no movement in comparison to the last quarter. The feedstocks for the manufacture of potash remained stable with minimal increase in energy inputs like natural gas and electricity.

The demand for exports continued to remain stable, maintaining the level of consumption. The Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in Canada saw balance despite uncertain supply in the global market, geopolitical disturbances, and increase in energy and fuel costs.

The levels of production in terms of quantity also stayed stable as per exports requirements. Similarly, the levels of consumption do not see any changes, as procurement activity remained constant.

In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Canada rose by approximately 1% when compared to the month of November on account of increased export demand.

Russia: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Ustluga, Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

In Q4 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Russia experienced a growth of around 1% from its previous quarter on the back of steady demand and some cost pressures.

Dynamics of feedstocks have been driven by mining and processing of potash ore, and an increment in input costs associated with natural gas and electricity used in the manufacturing process.

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in Russia has been steady domestically and internationally owing to steady demand in agriculture for fertilizers. Supply dynamics are stable despite supply risk worldwide, geopolitical risks, energy costs, and high logistics costs.

Producers managed production at moderate levels in coordination with export demands. Consumption showed a consistent level with conservative buying. In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Russia rose from their November price due to increased logistics costs and year-end demand.

Israel: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Eilat, Israel; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Israel in Q4 2025 saw growth by roughly 1% against the last quarter, with stable demand for exports and minimal rise in costs. The dynamics of the raw materials market involved in potash extraction and production faced some cost escalation owing to higher energy costs.

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in Israel remained steady from the export side. On the supply side, there is a modest balance because of the uncertain supply situation worldwide, geopolitical issues, high energy and fuel prices, and increasing logistics costs.

The level of production stayed steady, with export demand staying consistent, although there are a few problems with logistics.

The level of consumption remained steady with moderate procurement activities. In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Israel grew by about 1% against November, with higher logistics costs and stable demand for exports.

Jordan: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Export prices Aqaba, Jordan; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Jordan in Q4 2025 showed an increase of about 1% from the previous quarter, driven by stable export demand and marginal cost issues. Feedstock costs, specifically the costs of potash production from brine, saw some increases, reflecting the rise in energy and operation costs.

Demand in the region is stable and hence there are stable levels of consumption. Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in Jordan are stable to tight, given uncertain global supplies, geopolitical risks, increasing energy and fuel prices, and higher costs of logistics.

Production is steady to meet export demand, with logistical problems affecting shipping. Consumption levels are stable with stable buying behavior across the market.

In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Jordan rose by around 1%, relative to November prices, as export demand improved and freight costs are higher.

Malaysia: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Kelang, Malaysia from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Malaysia in Q4 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 2% compared to the previous quarter, supported by stable demand and moderate cost pressures.

Feedstock costs, particularly related to imported potash and logistics, increased slightly due to higher energy and transportation expenses. The Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in Malaysia remained steady across plantation and agricultural sectors, supporting consistent consumption levels.

Supply conditions are moderately tight amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production dependency on imports influenced market dynamics.

Consumption remained stable with cautious procurement activity. In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Malaysia increased by approximately 1% as compared to November due to higher logistics costs and steady demand. Overall, the market reflected consistent consumption with moderate supply-side constraints.

India: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Kandla, India from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in India in Q4 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 5% compared to the previous quarter, supported by strong agricultural demand and rising import costs. Feedstock dynamics are influenced by imported potash along with higher freight and handling costs, contributing to increased overall expenses.

Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in India remained robust due to seasonal fertilizer requirements, supporting strong consumption levels. Supply conditions tightened amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses.

Production dependency on imports made the market sensitive to international price movements. Consumption improved across agricultural sectors with active procurement trends.

In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in India increased by approximately 2% as compared to November due to higher import costs and improved seasonal demand. Overall, the market reflected strong demand momentum with constrained supply availability.

Brazil: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Santos, Brazil from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Brazil in Q4 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 1% compared to the previous quarter, supported by steady agricultural demand and rising import costs.

Feedstock dynamics are influenced by imported potash along with increased energy and logistics expenses, contributing to higher procurement costs. Demand remained stable to strong, driven by consistent fertilizer usage in key crops such as soybeans and corn, supporting steady consumption levels.

Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in Brazil are moderately tight amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production dependency on imports made the market sensitive to global supply fluctuations. Consumption remained firm with balanced procurement activity.

In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Brazil increased by approximately 1% as compared to November due to higher freight costs and improved agricultural demand. Overall, the market reflected stable demand with moderate supply-side limitations.

China: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Shanghai, China from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in China in Q4 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 1% compared to the previous quarter, supported by stable demand and moderate cost pressures.

Feedstock costs, particularly related to potash mining and processing, remained relatively stable with slight increases in energy inputs. Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in China remained steady across agricultural sectors, supporting consistent consumption levels.

Supply conditions are balanced despite global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production levels are maintained at steady rates to meet domestic demand.

Consumption remained stable with cautious procurement activity. In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in China largely remained stable as compared to November due to stable supply and limited demand fluctuations. Overall, the market reflected balanced demand-supply dynamics with minimal pricing volatility.

Indonesia: Muriate of Potash (MOP) Imported prices Jakarta, Indonesia from Russia; Grade- Granular Muriate of Potash (MOP), K2O 60%

The Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Indonesia in Q4 2025 witnessed an increase of approximately 3% compared to the previous quarter, supported by steady demand and rising import costs.

Feedstock dynamics are influenced by imported potash and increased logistics expenses, contributing to higher overall costs. Muriate of Potash (MOP) price trend in Indonesia remained stable across agricultural sectors, supporting consistent consumption levels.

Supply conditions are moderately tight amid global supply uncertainty, geopolitical disruptions, rising energy and fuel costs, and higher logistics expenses. Production dependency on imports made the market sensitive to global supply fluctuations.

Consumption remained steady with balanced procurement activity. In December 2025, Muriate of Potash (MOP) prices in Indonesia increased by approximately 1% as compared to November due to rising freight costs and stable demand. Overall, the market reflected steady demand with moderate supply-side pressure.